Japanese Manga School Terminology Glossary
Japanese school settings are a cornerstone of many manga, from slice-of-life comedies to intense battle shonen. Understanding the specific terminology associated with the Japanese education system is vital for readers to fully grasp character interactions, plot points, and cultural nuances. For translators, accurately conveying these terms without losing their intrinsic meaning or cultural weight is a key part of localization. This glossary provides essential school-related vocabulary, helping you navigate the world of Japanese manga more effectively.
25 Terms
Japanese| Term | Romanization | Literal Meaning | Usage | Example | Translation Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 高校生 | kōkōsei | high school student | A student attending high school (grades 10-12 in Japan). | A protagonist is introduced as a 'kōkōsei' in their first year, stressing about entrance exams or club activities. | Often translated as 'high school student' or simply 'high schooler'. Sometimes kept as 'kōkōsei' in niche translations to retain cultural flavor. |
| 中学生 | chūgakusei | middle school student | A student attending middle school (grades 7-9 in Japan). | A flashback shows the main characters meeting for the first time as 'chūgakusei', illustrating their younger days. | Translated as 'middle school student' or 'junior high school student', sometimes shortened to 'middle schooler'. |
| 小学生 | shōgakusei | elementary school student | A student attending elementary school (grades 1-6 in Japan). | A younger sibling character is depicted playing outside after school, identified as a 'shōgakusei'. | Typically translated as 'elementary school student' or 'grade schooler'. |
| 先輩 | senpai | senior | An upperclassman or someone with more experience; a mentor figure in a hierarchical relationship. | A first-year student respectfully addresses a second-year student in a sports club as 'senpai'. | Often kept as 'senpai' in English translations due to its specific cultural nuance, though 'senior' or 'upperclassman' can be used depending on context. |
| 後輩 | kōhai | junior | A junior student or someone with less experience; the opposite of 'senpai'. | A 'senpai' character encourages their new, timid 'kōhai' in the same club. | Usually kept as 'kōhai' or translated as 'junior' or 'underclassman'. |
| 部活 | bukatsu | club activities | Extracurricular club activities, often a major part of student life in Japan. | A character is depicted staying late at school for their 'bukatsu', practicing with their teammates. | Translated as 'club activities', 'club' or 'club practice'. The term is common enough that 'bukatsu' may be retained in some fan translations. |
| 委員会 | iinkai | committee | Student committees responsible for various school duties (e.g., library committee, health committee). | A studious character complains about having to attend a 'iinkai' meeting instead of going home. | Translated as 'committee', 'student committee', or 'school committee'. |
| 文化祭 | bunkasai | cultural festival | An annual school event where students showcase their club activities, class projects, and performances. | Students are bustling, preparing their class's haunted house or a band performance for the upcoming 'bunkasai'. | Commonly translated as 'cultural festival' or 'school festival'. |
| 体育祭 | taiikusai | sports festival | An annual school event focused on sports and athletic competitions between classes or teams. | Panels show students competing in a relay race, cheering on their classmates during 'taiikusai'. | Translated as 'sports festival' or 'athletic festival'. |
| 修学旅行 | shūgaku ryokō | school trip for learning | An overnight school trip, often to historical sites or popular tourist destinations, for educational purposes. | Students are excitedly packing their bags for their 'shūgaku ryokō' to Kyoto or Okinawa. | Translated as 'school trip', 'field trip', or 'class trip'. |
| 給食 | kyūshoku | provision of food | School lunch, typically prepared and served at school, often a set menu. | Students line up to receive their 'kyūshoku' trays in the school cafeteria, discussing the day's menu. | Translated as 'school lunch' or 'lunch'. |
| テスト | tesuto | test | A school examination or quiz. | A character groans about having to study all night for an upcoming 'tesuto'. | Directly translated as 'test' or 'exam'. |
| 放課後 | hōkago | after school | The time period immediately after school classes end for the day. | Characters make plans to meet at a cafe 'hōkago' or head to their club activities. | Translated as 'after school'. |
| 学園 | gakuen | academy / school | A broader term for a school or academy, often used in titles or for schools with a grander feel. | The title of a manga series is '〇〇学園' (〇〇 Academy), indicating it's set in a school. | Translated as 'academy', 'school', or 'institute'. |
| 先生 | sensei | teacher / master | A respectful term for a teacher, doctor, master, or any person of authority/expertise. | A student raises their hand and addresses their instructor, 'Sensei, may I ask a question?' | Often kept as 'sensei' in English, or translated as 'teacher', 'professor', or 'master' depending on context. |
| クラスメイト | kurasumeito | classmate | A fellow student in the same class. | The protagonist introduces themselves to their new 'kurasumeito' on the first day of school. | Translated as 'classmate'. |
| 宿題 | shukudai | lodging problem / homework | Homework assignments given by a teacher. | A character sighs dramatically while looking at a pile of 'shukudai' on their desk. | Translated as 'homework'. |
| 教科書 | kyōkasho | teaching book | A school textbook. | A student opens their 'kyōkasho' to the correct page, ready for class. | Translated as 'textbook'. |
| 校長先生 | kōchō-sensei | school principal teacher | The school principal. | The 'kōchō-sensei' makes an announcement over the PA system during morning assembly. | Translated as 'principal' or 'Headmaster/Headmistress'. |
| 学食 | gakushoku | school food | The school cafeteria or the food served there. | Friends gather in the crowded 'gakushoku' during lunch break to eat and chat. | Translated as 'school cafeteria', 'cafeteria', or 'school lunchroom'. |
| 卒業式 | sotsugyōshiki | graduation ceremony | A graduation ceremony held at the end of the school year. | Characters shed tears and exchange farewells during their emotional 'sotsugyōshiki'. | Translated as 'graduation ceremony' or 'graduation'. |
| 制服 | seifuku | uniform clothes | A school uniform. | A new student adjusts their 'seifuku' in front of the mirror before their first day at a new school. | Translated as 'school uniform' or simply 'uniform'. |
| 席替え | sekigae | seat change | The changing of seating arrangements in a classroom, often done periodically. | Students anxiously await the results of 'sekigae', hoping to sit next to their friends or crush. | Translated as 'changing seats', 'seat change', or 'new seating arrangement'. |
| 保健室 | hokenshitsu | health preservation room | The school nurse's office. | A character feeling unwell is sent to the 'hokenshitsu' to rest. | Translated as 'school nurse's office' or 'infirmary'. |
| 進路 | shinro | course / path | One's future career path or educational course after graduation. | High school students are shown discussing their 'shinro' options with their homeroom teacher. | Translated as 'future path', 'career path', or 'post-graduation plans'. |
Related Translation Resources
Japanese to English Manga Translator
Translate Japanese manga to English from images. Handles kanji, hiragana, katakana OCR, honorifics, onomatopoeia, and right-to-left panel layouts.
Japanese to French Manga Translator
Translate Japanese manga to French with image translation. Handles vertical text, onomatopoeia, and tu/vous honorific mapping for French readers.
Japanese to Portuguese Manga Translator
Translate Japanese manga to Portuguese with image translation. Handles SOV-to-SVO restructuring, gendered nouns, and onomatopoeia adaptation.
Comedy Gag Manga Translation Guide
Master the art of translating Comedy Gag manga with this in-depth guide. Learn about unique challenges, essential Japanese terms, and practical tips for
Fantasy Adventure Manga Translation Guide
Explore the unique challenges and essential terminology of translating Fantasy Adventure manga. This guide covers common tropes, vocabulary, and practical
Historical Manga Translation Guide: Navigating Feudal Japan and Beyond
Dive into the unique challenges of translating historical manga. Learn essential Japanese terms, cultural nuances, and common tropes to accurately convey
Translate Japanese comic images instantly
Upload a panel and our AI handles the Japanese text — including these exact terms.
Disclaimer: Novel Translator does not store, retain, or archive any images uploaded through its translation services. All uploaded content is processed in real time and discarded immediately upon completion. Users are solely responsible for ensuring they hold the necessary rights, licenses, or permissions to upload and translate any content. Novel Translator does not claim ownership of, nor provide, any images, illustrations, or other copyrighted materials. By using this service, the user acknowledges and agrees that Novel Translator bears no liability for any claims, damages, or legal action arising from the use, reproduction, or distribution of translated content. Use of this service constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service.